Essay --

Let’s Improve our Writing through Reading Do you know that successful and famous writers read a lot! They read different types of materials ranging from books, magazine, newspapers etc. Why do they read a lot? Does that indicate something and have a meaning? Reading a lot help the reader to understand and get the art of language. In addition, it helps the reader appreciate the finer words. Reading a variety of written materials motivates the reader. It helps the reader to identify a gap which provides the reader with a chance to address the issue that has not been addressed by other writers, while failure to read variety of written materials limits a person’s vocabulary. This might kill the dream of becoming a successful writer. A person yearning to become an author must make reading a habit and personal passion. This is through looking for reading materials and creating much time to reflect on the reading. Students must be ready to read widely. This is through combining both old and current pieces of writing. This would help students to understand the progress that has been made by authors. This is important in helping the reader to come up with a unique piece of writing that will catch the attention of people and make a change in the society. Reading increases students’ confidence, knowledge, skills, and strategies. As a result, for students to become successful writers they need to read a lot; write down and note as many point and vocabularies as possible and sharpen both reading and writing skills as much as possible. When a student is young, the student is unable to write effectively, as the student is exposed to reading materials, the writing skills become more effective. This is the case for a person or student who is pl... ...s and journal etc. to obtain new ideas in different and variety of fields, learn new vocabularies and fall in love with writing. When reading, it’s important to write down and note the important points and ideas. In addition, it’s important to write down your own thoughts and ideas as they come. These are important in composing your ideas into a piece of writing. When reading, ensure that you analyze the character, plot or theme. This is through breaking down the book. As a reader, you should analyze why the writer make the choices in his book, how did the character convey their qualities and how did the book start of lay out the whole plot. In addition, it’s important to understand how the theme was portrayed in the book. This helps reader to be able to understand how to draft an attractive theme, plot and qualities of the characters. This makes you a great writer.

Particle Size Distribution and Cyclone Efficiency Distribution Essay

In this experiment collection efficiency of a cyclone has been determined for two types of particles – Fly Ash and MgO in an air stream. Such a dust is commonly found in industries using coal and refractories. Particle size distribution of ambient air as well as cyclone exhaust has also been measured using Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI). The collection efficiency of the cyclones was in 85 -95% range for Fly Ash dust and approximately 96% for MgO dust under experimental conditions. The particle size distribution in the ambient air as well as in the cyclone exhaust was showed a log normal distribution and each of these distributions was composed of more than one size distributions. A. Introduction: In modern industrial era we have to live with dust and powders on continuous basis. There are many industrial processes that use raw materials in powder form like powder metallurgy, sintering plants in integrated steel plants, cement industry, polymer engineering etc. to name a few. It is not unreasonable to expect that the industries that use powders as raw material, throws lot of particulate matter into the atmosphere around it. Even in the cases, when the raw material in not a powder, the emissions contains lot of particulate matter. Some examples are emissions from blast furnaces, coal fired plants etc. to name a few. Vehicular pollution is one of the major sources of suspended particulate matter (spm) in the atmosphere in the urban areas. Therefore, the knowledge of particle size distribution is required and very useful in many cases. Some examples are the following: †¢ Estimation of dust hazard to the personal handling powders in industries †¢ Designing an equipment for removing dust from a gas stream like exhaust gas of blast furnace and other furnaces †¢ Selection of a suitable dust cleaning system for a given environment †¢ Estimation of the efficiency of filters and other dust collection systems †¢ Identifying the source of the dust particles †¢ Estimation of properties of an aerosol etc. Therefore, it is useful to understand the method and practices of measuring and describing particle size distribution and also the different methods and instruments that are used to clean dust from a gas stream. This experiment is concerned with sizing distribution of atmospheric dust and the efficiency of a dust collection system will be determined. The following section described different distributions of particle size in a dust sample. A. 1 Description of particle size distributions Dust particle or airborne particles are not of a given size rather there are particles of different sizes in a dust sample. This size range can be very large in the range of tens of nanometers to hundreds of micron. The exact size distribution depends upon the source of the particulate matter. For example size distribution in a blast furnace exhaust will be different from that in a motorcycle emission and so on. A particle size distribution can be described by the following mathematical expression: Here, ‘d’ is the diameter of the dust particle and dN is number of the dust particle in the diameter range ‘d’ to ‘d+dd’. ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘? ’ and ‘? ’ are the constants. Depending on the value of these constants there are two kinds of particle size distributions. One is â€Å"Nukiyama – Tanasawa† distribution and the other is â€Å"Rosin-Rammler† distribution. For â€Å"Nukiyam – Tanasawa† distribution, ? = 2 and ? = 1 and the expression is â€Å"Rosin – Rammler† distribution is described by the following expression: The â€Å"Rosin – Rammler†distribution was developed to represent size distribution of coal particles, that was received by sieving of coal particles. Here di is a particular sieve size or the minimum size of a particle retained by that sieve; R is the weight of the coal particles retained by all the sieves with size d > di and was expressed as percentage of the total coal weight; ‘b’ and ‘n’ are constants. To evaluate these constants in these size distributions, one needs to do curve fitting. Therefore, it is easier to go for simpler statistical distributions based on ‘normal’ distribution. For any distribution, there is a mean and a standard deviation. For a sample these can be calculated by using the following formulae: Sample Mean Sample Standard Deviation From these sample statistics one can calculate population parameters like true mean or population mean, ? and standard distribution ? with certain degree of accuracy. However, if the sample can be considered to be true representative of the true population then one can take sample statistics (mean and standard deviation) as population parameters ? and ?. While the mean is a measure of the central tendency, standard deviation gives distribution of particle size around the mean. If standard deviation is large then the distribution is wide and vice versa. If two more parameters ‘skew’ and ‘kurtosis’ that measure symmetry and peakedness respectively are also used in conjugation with mean and standard deviation, then can completely describe a size distribution. For a normal distribution, ‘skew’ and ‘kurtosis’ are zero and the distribution is mono-modal with peak at the mean and is symmetric about the mean. Such a distribution is applicable for simple distributions with m/s > 2. 5. If this ratio is smaller then the distribution, generally shows large positive skew. To tackle such a problem one goes for log-normal distribution, which is a normal distribution of the logarithm of the particle size. Most of the natural size distributions are best described by log-normal distribution. As mass distribution is more appropriate and used frequently, therefore, one can deduce mass distribution from size distribution. To do this one needs to calculate mean and standard distribution of the mass of the particles and this is done by dividing individual size measurements by while calculating the mean and the standard deviation. For most of the pollution control applications log-normal distribution is used. Probability distribution function (pdf) for such a distribution with mean ? and standard deviation ? is given by the following expression Such a distribution is shown in figure 1, below. In this case, the peak shifts in left direction with increasing standard deviation, ?. Fig. 1: Shift of the probability distribution peak in left direction with increasing standard deviation of the sample There is another very important aspect of particle size distribution. Generally a dust sample collected from certain location does not consist of a single distribution; instead it consists of many size distributions. It is easier to identify and separate these distributions when the peaks are well separated. However, many times the peaks are so close that these distributions mingle up as a single composite size distribution and one needs to extract individual distributions out of this composite distribution by carefully deconvoluting the composite size distribution. Before describing a size distribution, one needs to first measure the size distribution. There are many instruments that help in measurement of particle size and the size distribution. Some important techniques are described in the following section. A. 2 Measurement of Particle Size and Size-Distribution Sieving: This is the most conventional and easiest method for particle size-distribution measurement. In this case a representative sample of the particulate matter is taken by suitable sampling method like divided cone method. In divided cone method, the particulate matter is made as a cone and one quarter of the cone is taken. This process is repeated hill the final sample size is taken. This sample is then sieved by using a series of sieves of different sizes in a consecutive order. The particle that remains above the sieve of a particle number (size) is given that size and in this manner the size-distribution of the entire sample is measured. Sieve size is given by a number. That number represents number of aperture in a linear inch. Thus a sieve of size 75 means, there are 75 apertures in one inch of that sieve and so on. Therefore, a larger sieve number corresponds to a smaller sieve size. This method is very easy and suitable for coarse particles of size greater than 50 ? m. However, for finer sized particles, this technique becomes very unreliable. Optical Microscopy Optical microscope is also very useful method to measure size distribution of particulate matter. This method can be used to measure size distribution of particulate matter from any source. Different sampling methods can be used to collect the sample for size distribution measurement. Some of these are: (i) Filtration: Membrane filters are generally used to collect samples that have different color or refractive index than the filter. (ii) Sedimentation on a glass slide is another useful technique, especially for large particles. However, for getting a representative sample one should be careful. (iii) Thermal precipitation is another useful technique; however, care should be taken to avoid segregation of sizes. (iv) Electrostatic precipitation on a glass slide or electron microscope grid is another technique that is commonly employed. However, optical microscopy is limited to ~ 1 ? m sized particles as maximum magnification is 1000 only. This is because, light is the probing signal and its wavelength is of that order. For measuring the size distribution if still finer particles one needs to use scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). In case of SEM a focused electron beam is scanned in a raster and the image is formed by collecting the different type of electron signals like secondary electron or back scattered electron. In case of TEM, the focused electron beam is transmitted through the particle and an image of the particle is formed at higher magnification ~ 100,000. Cyclones: Cyclones are used mainly as dust removing system; however, these are also used for separating particles into different size groups. One example is use of cyclone in personal dust sampler to separate the powder into two fractions – one which is respirable and another which is not. Cascade impactors: In this system, particles are collected in different size groups in different stages according to the aerodynamic impaction onto a substrate. Each stage can be analyzed chemically, measured using a microscope or can be even weighed electronically. These are used for sampling of particulate matter in atmosphere or in chimney or furnace exhaust gas. These are capable of sizing the particulate matter in 0. 05 to 10 mm range. These systems have evolved considerably and modern systems are equipped with quartz crystal microbalance for detecting mass number of the dust particle and even electrical detection of the particles, which has been charged before classifying into different sizes. One such system is Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI). This equipment will be described in somewhat detail in the next subsection. Diffusion Battery: In this system particles are classified based on their ability to diffuse through a series of mesh screens. Smaller particles diffuse faster and vice versa. Finer particles are thus collected easily than the coarser particles. This system can be used for particles smaller than 1 ? m. Electrical Mobility Analyzers: In this system, the particles are charged prior to separation. The charged particles are separated by applying electric field. Smaller particles have higher mobility due to smaller mass than the larger particles. Therefore, electric field removes the particles in selective manner at different stages according to their sizes. This system can do sizing of particles in the size range 1 ? m to 1 mm. Light Scattering Devices: These are based on scattering of light by the dust particle in the suspension. It can use dry as well as wet suspension. The angle of scattering of light is related to its size. Normally a highly collimated laser light is used. Though the minimum size is limited by the wavelength of the light and is ~ 0. 3 mm; newer systems have been designed that can measure particles in nm size range as well. However, these are costly equipments.

A Brief Note On The s Colleges Bachelor Of Business

Stott’s Colleges Bachelor of Business Assessment Cover Sheet Subject: Strategic Management Code: MAN01 Due Date: _01-May-2017_______ Date: _01-May-2017_______ Student Name: Mariya Beltran ¬Ã‚ ¬ Student No: __1029081____________ Phone: __0420938821____ Email:  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬___micahbeltran@hotmail.com_____ Plagiarism means using the ideas of someone else without giving them proper credit. That someone else maybe an author, critic, journalist, artist, composer, lecturer, tutor or another student. Intentional plagiarism is a serious form of cheating. Unintentional plagiarism can result if you don’t understand and use the acceptable scholarly methods of acknowledgment. In either case, the College may impose penalties which can be very severe Declaration:†¦show more content†¦This had been implemented to the different parts of their fresh produce supply chain. Based on my research, Coles In Year 2016 (2016), â€Å"Coles is committed to offering customers everyday value, quality fresh produce and a better shopping experience.† Essentially, it is vital that the company run the business feasible as well as in a responsible way. Based on the previous financial year 2016, Coles Supermarket made a total profit of +4.3%, food and liquor sales growth by +5.1%, online sales growth of 24.1% and convenience store sales growth of +11.1%. The aim of this report is to examine and analyze the effectiveness of Cole’s current management practices. Market Size and Trends A. Market Structure – Coles operates in an oligopoly market structure. In the retail industry, two mighty supermarkets, Coles and Woolworths, rule over most of the market. There are firms alike that acquire powers of setting their price as there is a price differentiation when other supermarkets take in different goods for the society. Barriers are certainly present in the market upon gauging in as the two supermarket giants have marked their position. B. Segmentation – Coles focuses mainly in retailing. Its target groups are middle class and premium Australian Households. Coles helps you in achieving your everyday needs and simultaneously help you cut the cost of your expenses. C. Competitors - Coles’ main competitors are Woolworths, which targetsShow MoreRelatedLaw As A Career : The Lawyer s Role Quality And Education Requirements1154 Words   |  5 PagesLaw as a Career: The lawyer s role Quality and Education Requirements Today, more than ever before, the legal profession offers a unique opportunities to dedicated individual to make a signiï ¬ cant contribution to the society. This post is aimed at help you evaluate law as a career. 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